Which of the following is not a primary activity in the value chain?

Human resource management is not considered a primary activity in the value chain framework. Instead, it is classified as a support activity. The value chain identifies primary activities that directly contribute to the creation and delivery of a product or service, such as inbound logistics (the receiving and warehousing of raw materials), operations (the processes that transform inputs into the final product), and outbound logistics (the distribution of the finished product to customers).

Support activities, including human resource management, provide the necessary assistance to primary activities but do not directly engage in producing or delivering a product. They focus on areas that enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of primary activities, such as recruiting, training, and managing employees. Understanding the distinction between primary and support activities is essential for analyzing how a company can create value and maintain competitiveness.